Nuno de Oliveira Garcia and Maria Mourão Lima Ferreira on the announcement of the excess profits tax for the distribution sector | Observador

For the purposes of Article 6 of Rome I, the provisions of a contract defining the terms on which a professional receives or executes a CFD-related order are not covered by the exception provided for in Article 6(4)(d).

The 8th Omnibus Package aims to simplify environmental legislation in order to reduce administrative burdens on businesses. This paper outlines the proposed measures and examines, in particular, the proposed amendments to the Industrial and Livestock Rearing Emissions Directive, as well as the proposal for a regulation on speeding-up environmental assessments.

Judicial review may extend to the substantive invalidity of the arbitration agreement because it conflicts with mandatory domestic rules — as well as those of the European Union — on consumer protection and, consequently, the concept of public policy encompasses both procedural and substantive public policy.

Article 7 of Act 1/2025 contains two references to time limits which appear to set out two different rules regarding limitation periods. However, Article 7(3) is not a rule on limitation periods.

The Supreme Court (Judgment no. 824/2026, dated 29 May) affirmed the declaration of invalidity of a company resolution to file a director liability (to company) claim, finding that it had been abusively imposed by the majority insofar as not responding to a reasonable need of the company and having been passed by the majority in its own interest and to the unjustified detriment of the minority.

The newsletter covers the main developments in Pharma & Healthcare legislation and case law.

The Supreme Court clarifies the rules governing direct actions in international cases and the limits of the law governing insurance contracts

Royal Decree 415/2026 establishes a unified framework for the assessment of health technologies in Spain, distinguishing between the technical assessment and the administrative decision regarding funding, pricing or inclusion in the service catalogue, and incorporating the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2021/2282. The aspect that raises the most legal questions in this new piece of legislation is the connection between the assessment regulated by the Royal Decree and the procedures for funding, pricing, and inclusion in the service catalogue.