Almudena Arpón, president of the IBA: «Politicians are gaining the upper hand over the rule of law» | El Mundo

Inasmuch as functioning as meta-clauses, non-binding and entire agreement clauses are paradoxical in a number of ways.

Summary of legislative and jurisprudential developments relating to the automotive sector.

The Court (Grand Chamber) defines the scope of derogations from the principle of supervision in the home Member State for information society services on grounds of public policy, security and safety, clarifying the distinction between general prohibitions and individualized measures directed at specific providers. It also provides important criteria regarding the liability of digital platforms, holding that control exercised by means of algorithms may preclude the application of the exemption from liability provided for data hosting services.

Debt from liability in tort for third-party damage or loss arises directly against the directors, without prejudice to the fact that, pursuant to Article 38 CC, it also arises simultaneously against the company, to which the non-contractual acts or omissions of its directors are also attributed. This is so true that the liable company (in debt, for example, with the tax authorities as the person liable for the surcharge and the tax penalty owed) may bring an action for contribution against its directors after settling the debt.

This paper critically analyses the Supreme Court ruling of 5May 2026, which applies the prohibition on financial assistance to a case involving the sale of treasury shares with deferred payment to the shareholders of the assisting company.

The Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (Fifth Chamber) of 13 May 2026 (Korfin and Sempiola v Slovnaft, Case C-225/25) clarifies the concept of a takeover bid for the purposes of Article 2 of the 2004 Takeover Bids Directive, such that an offer made to the holders of securities of a company with a view to acquiring all or some of those securities does not fall within the concept of a takeover bid where it is made by an offeror who already controls the offeree company. Consequently, based on that court’s interpretation of the Directive’s provisions, there is no right of squeeze-out in such voluntary takeover bids.

This paper examines the recent judgment of the Court of Justice of 14 April 2026, Pelham (C-590/23, ECLI:EU:C:2026:290), which interprets the exception for pastiche contained in Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society.

Summary of legislative and jurisprudential developments relating to the automotive sector.

The State Secretariat for Telecommunications and Digital Infrastructures has published, on 14 April 2016, two decisions: one allocating public numbering resources to customer service and laying down the general terms of use thereof, and the other allocating public numbering resources to telemarketing and laying down the general terms of use thereof.