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Judgment analyses claim filed by former CEO for non-payment of loss-of-office compensation provided for in articles of association (legal regime preceding the 2014 amendments to the Companies Act).

“Royal Decree 997/2025, of 5 November, approving urgent measures to strengthen the electricity system, has been published in the Official Journal of Spain on 6 November 2025. It will broadly come into force on the date of its publication”.

Summary of legislative and jurisprudential developments relating to the automotive sector.

We analyse, in short, whether company payment contributions can be included in director liability (to company) claims.

The Court of Justice of the European Union (Fourth Chamber), in its judgment of 1 August 2025, case C-665/23, IL v. Veracash SAS, concludes that a payer is deprived of the right to reimbursement of the amount of an unauthorised transaction if he or she delayed in notifying his or her payment service provider of the unauthorised payment transaction, even though he or she did so within 13 months from the debit date. This interpretation of the Payment Services Directive is applicable in Spain (Art. 43 RDL 19/2018) and appears to be retained in the future Regulation on payment services.

The risks of applying the doctrine according to which a contract is deemed withdrawn from if neither party to the same appears to want it. Not only is this solution likely to be inconsistent with the parties' claims, but it also wrongly rules out other civil law options the parties could pursue upon dismissal of the action for declaration of termination.

The Agreement on the interpretation and application of the Energy Charter Treaty gives the force and effect of law to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, according to which Article 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty does not and could not apply as a legal basis for intra-EU arbitration proceedings as a mechanism for the settlement of disputes between a contracting State and an investor of another contracting State.

Summary of legislative and jurisprudential developments relating to the automotive sector.