Iñigo Erlaiz highlights the results achieved in 2025 | El Confidencial

Judicial review may extend to the substantive invalidity of the arbitration agreement because it conflicts with mandatory domestic rules — as well as those of the European Union — on consumer protection and, consequently, the concept of public policy encompasses both procedural and substantive public policy.

Article 7 of Act 1/2025 contains two references to time limits which appear to set out two different rules regarding limitation periods. However, Article 7(3) is not a rule on limitation periods.

The Supreme Court (Judgment no. 824/2026, dated 29 May) affirmed the declaration of invalidity of a company resolution to file a director liability (to company) claim, finding that it had been abusively imposed by the majority insofar as not responding to a reasonable need of the company and having been passed by the majority in its own interest and to the unjustified detriment of the minority.

The newsletter covers the main developments in Pharma & Healthcare legislation and case law.

The Supreme Court clarifies the rules governing direct actions in international cases and the limits of the law governing insurance contracts

Royal Decree 415/2026 establishes a unified framework for the assessment of health technologies in Spain, distinguishing between the technical assessment and the administrative decision regarding funding, pricing or inclusion in the service catalogue, and incorporating the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2021/2282. The aspect that raises the most legal questions in this new piece of legislation is the connection between the assessment regulated by the Royal Decree and the procedures for funding, pricing, and inclusion in the service catalogue.

Administrative modernisation, major infraestructure projects, defence and energy transition in the new cycle of Portuguese public law.

A flawed judgment on a problem that has remained unresolved to date in the truck cartel. The issue is not whether the liability-in-solidum regime applies, but whether co-liable parties can raise personal defences.